Orography is the formation of mountains and other elevated physical features. Plateaus, hills, and elevated land surface features have formed long ago. The formation of the different surfaces has had millions of years ago. The climatic conditions are determined by the Orography. The monsoon in the eastern part of Africa can be determined with the help of orography. The orography technique can give the details of the rivers found in different parts of the world. The formation of rivers and tributaries can also be found using the orography technique.

The following indicators describe the orography:

1. Precipitation is produced by the movement of the winds due to the presence of physical characteristics. The rains and snowfalls occur due to the movement of the winds. When physical features like mountains and hills collide in the path of the winds, precipitation occurs. In England also the areas on the windward side receive heavy rain.

2. During the day, the winds heat up and the hot air becomes light. The winds begin to move up near the surface of the mountains and foothills. The rising air begins to cool and this leads to the formation of clouds. As airborne vapors move upward, water droplets form and precipitation occurs.

3. The winds are stopped by the mountains and hills that act as obstacles. When water droplets start to condense, they become heavy and like to fall as a precipitate. A rain shadow forms on the leeward side and the land area remains dry.

4. The weather can be easily forecast using the different advanced techniques. Precipitation caused by mountains and hills that impede the flow of winds contribute a significant level in the weather forecast. If the slope of the mountains and hills is steeper, it can lead to heavy rainfall. The leeward side receives little rainfall.

5. In many parts of the world, rainfall depends on physical characteristics, such as in New Zealand, mountains and hills play an important role in precipitation. Different amounts of rain are noticed in the areas that fall on the windward side and the leeward sides are almost dry. On many islands like Hawaii, the rain is experienced on the windward side. Over 100 inches of rain have been reported on the windward side.

Orography aids in the description and study of mountains and elevated land features through advanced techniques.