The answer to this question really depends on where the tile will be used. Today, more than 80% of the tiles used for floors are porcelain, while the majority of tiles used for walls, backsplashes, and countertops are ceramic. Exterior surfaces, such as patios, are typically pavers or porcelain tile.
The reasons have to do with durability in the case of tiles. While price, color, and design options have a lot to do with the ceramic tiles selected for walls, backsplashes, and countertops.
Ceramic tiles have been around for thousands of years. This is a testament to its durability and versatility. The body of the tile (called bisque) is made of clay and other minerals. When combined, these raw materials give the bisque its strength and stability.
The quality of the tile has to do with the quality of the manufacturer, the density of the clay and the resistance to breaking of the tile. Porcelain is simply a finer grade of clay and makes the body of the tile harder.
Porcelain tiles have a lower water absorption rate than ceramic tiles because porcelain tiles are very dense. When fired at 1800 degrees, a color is created on the surface of the porcelain tiles. But when fired at 2200 degrees, the color runs through the entire body of the tile.
So if these do chip, they won’t show up as much as a tile with just a surface color. Porcelain tiles can be used outside, even in areas where the temperature drops below freezing. They are considered “frost hardy” (not frost proof). This makes porcelain tile suitable for patios as it will not be damaged by the elements.
Ceramic and porcelain tiles are wear rated by the Porcelain Enamel Institute (PEI). This tile grading system is approved by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ATSM). The ratings are as follows:
PEI 1 = Not hard enough to walk. Use only on walls.
PEI 2 = Use only on bathroom walls and floors. But only use smaller tiles on the floors. Larger tiles (6 x 6 or 8 x 8) may crack with prolonged foot traffic.
PEI 3 = Use on kitchen and bathroom countertops, walls and floors where foot traffic is not heavy (ok for residential use).
PEI 4 = May be used in residential, commercial, and light-duty institutions.
PEI 5 = Use in all residential and/or commercial applications (shopping centers, airports, etc.) This rating means that the tiles are highly resistant to chipping or cracking.
Many tiles have a glaze applied to the surface. Unglazed tiles have a higher slip resistance than glazed tiles and are therefore recommended for areas exposed to water. The advantages of glazed tiles are that you get an unlimited range of colors and increased stain resistance. Unglazed tiles will give you better wear and slip resistance.
It is possible to find tiles that have abrasive granules on their surface, which substantially reduces the possibility of slipping. These tiles are very suitable for public and outdoor areas. There is another proofing process just for the frosting. This is called the Mohs test and it determines the hardness (scratch resistance) of the enamel.
As you can see, there are many levels of quality, which determine the various price levels. Generally speaking, you get what you pay for. However, there is always the possibility that you are misinformed about the tile you are buying.
It’s important to deal with vendors who give you the clear story and have your best interests in mind when suggesting tiles for your home.
Here is a tip regarding installation. Make sure the subfloor is dry, stable and strong before laying the tiles. If the subfloor is “spongy” (in the case of plywood) or wet (in the case of basement concrete slabs), the tiles will eventually crack.
Installing ceramic or porcelain tile in your home adds value and improves the quality of your lifestyle. One of the best benefits for a homeowner is the low maintenance cost of tiled floors and walls. Relax and enjoy.
